Upadesa Saram
(UPADESA UNDIYAR)
(The Essence of Instruction)
(Translated by B.V.NARASIMASWAMI)
(The Essence of Instruction)
(Translated by B.V.NARASIMASWAMI)
There is a legend that a group of rishis once lived in the Daruka forest together, practising rites by which they acquired supernatural powers. By the same means they hoped to attain final liberation. In this, however, they were mistaken, for action can only result in action, not in the cessation of action; rites can produce powers but not the peace of liberation which is beyond rites and powers and all forms of action. Siva determined to convince them of their error and therefore appeared before them as a wandering sadhu. Together with him came Vishnu in the form of a beautiful lady. All the rishis were smitten with love for this lady and thereby their equilibrium was disturbed and their rites and powers were adversely affected. Moreover their wives, who were also living with them in the forest, all fell in love with the strange sadhu. Incensed at this, they conjured up an elephant and a tiger by magic rites and sent them against him. Siva, however, slew them easily and took the elephant's skin for a robe and the tiger's for a wrap. The rishis then realized that they were up against one more powerful than themselves and they bowed down to him and asked him for instruction. He then explained to them that it is not by action but by renunciation of action that one attains liberation.
The poet Muruganar wanted to write a hundred verses on this theme but he could not readily proceed beyond seventy verses. It then occurred to him that Bhagavan was the proper person to write the verses relating to Siva's instructions. He therefore begged Bhagavan to compose them and Bhagavan accordingly composed thirty Tamil verses. He himself later rendered them into Sanskrit. These thirty verses were subsequently translated by Bhagavan into Telugu under the name of Anubhuti Saram first, and Upadesa Saram afterwards. Bhagavan likewise rendered them into Malayalam. The Sanskrit version, Upadesa Saram, was chanted before him daily together with the Vedas and continues to be chanted before his shrine; that is to say, it is treated as a scripture. He refers to the various paths to liberation, grading them in order of efficiency and excellence, and showing that the best is Self-enquiry.
The poet Muruganar wanted to write a hundred verses on this theme but he could not readily proceed beyond seventy verses. It then occurred to him that Bhagavan was the proper person to write the verses relating to Siva's instructions. He therefore begged Bhagavan to compose them and Bhagavan accordingly composed thirty Tamil verses. He himself later rendered them into Sanskrit. These thirty verses were subsequently translated by Bhagavan into Telugu under the name of Anubhuti Saram first, and Upadesa Saram afterwards. Bhagavan likewise rendered them into Malayalam. The Sanskrit version, Upadesa Saram, was chanted before him daily together with the Vedas and continues to be chanted before his shrine; that is to say, it is treated as a scripture. He refers to the various paths to liberation, grading them in order of efficiency and excellence, and showing that the best is Self-enquiry.
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kartur ajnaya prapyate phalamkarma kim param karma taj-jadamKarma must ever yield its proper fruit,For thus it is ordained by God, Himself,Supreme Creator. Then is Karma God?No, for it is itself insentient.krti-mahodadhau patana-karanamphalam asasvatam gati-nirodhakamOf Karma the results must pass away,Yet it leaves seeds which in their turn will sproutAnd throw the actor back into the floodOf Karma’s ocean. Karma cannot save.isvararpitam necchaya krtamcitta-sodhakam mukti-sadhakamBut acts performed without attachment’s urgeAnd solely for the service of the LordWill cleanse the mind and indicate the wayWhich leads at length unto the final goal.kaya-vak-manah karyam uttamampujanam japas cintanam kramatWorship, reciting of God’s Holy Name,And meditation, mainly are performedBy body, voice and mind, and they excelEach other in the order here set down.jagata isadhi-yukta-sevanamasta-murti-bhrd-deva-pujanamIf we but recognise this UniverseOf eightfold form as form of God, Himself,And serve in adoration all the world.This is of God most excellent worship.uttama-stavad ucca-mandatahcittajam japa-dhyanam uttamamConstant repeating of the Holy NameIs more than praise, at length the voice will sinkTo silent repetition in the Heart,And in this way is meditation learnt.ajya-dharaya srotasa samamsarala-cintanam viralatah paramBetter than meditation that recursIn broken fits and starts is that which isA steady ceaseless flow, like to the courseOf falling oil or a perennial stream.bheda-bhavanat so’ham ity asaubhavana' bhida pavani mataWorship of God as in no way distinctFrom him who worships, or in other wordsThinking that “He is I”, is better farThan any other kind of worshipping.bhava-sunya-sad-bhava-susthitihbhavana-balad bhaktir uttamaTo rest in the Real Being, that transcendsOur every thought, by reason of the strengthOf our devotion to some thing conceived;This of supreme devotion is the truth.hrt-sthale manah-svasthata kriyabhakti-yoga-bodhasca niscitamTo be absorbed again into one’s Source (Heart)Is Karma, Bhakti, Yoga, Jnanam, allThese things in truth. Or put in other wordsGood works, Devotion, Union, Gnosis, too.vayu-rodhanal liyate manahjala-paksivat rodha-sadhanamAs by the fowler birds are caught in netsSo by the holding of the breath withinThe mind can be restrained. This a deviceThat will effect absorption of the mind.citta-vayavas cit-kriyayutahsakhayor dvayi sakti-mulakaFor mind and life expressed in thought and act,That is with thought and action as their function,Diverge and branch like two boughs of a tree,But both of them spring from one single stem.laya-vinasane ubhaya-rodhanelaya-gatam punar bhavati no mrtamSuppression of the mind in two ways comes,Absorption and extinction; mind absorbedWill live again, but mind which is destroyedWill never more revive, for it is dead.prana-bandhanal lina-manasameka-cintanan nasam etyadahWhen, by the means of restraint of the breath,The mind has been controlled, then make it flowAlong a single current, that achievedIts form will then entirely disappear.nasta-manasotkrsta-yoginahkrtyam asti kim svasthitim yatahFor the Great Sage for whom all form of mindHas disappeared and who is ever oneWith the Reality, there is no Karma more,For He, indeed, the True Self has become.drsya-varitam cittam atmanahcittva-darsanam tattva-darsanamWhen mind has given the sense-objects upWhich are external and has drawn within,And has perceived its own refulgent form,Then verily alone True Gnosis is.manasam tu kim margane krtenaiva manasam marga arjavatWhen pondering with constant vigilanceUpon the actual nature of the mindOne finds that there is no such thing as mind;This, of a truth, is the straight course for all.vrttayas tvaham vrttim asritahvrttayo mano viddhy aham manahThe mind is nothing but a lot of thoughts,Of all these many thoughts ‘tis the thought ‘I’That is the root. So we can see by thatThe mind in truth is only the thought ‘I’.aham ayam kuto bhavati cinvatahayi pataty-aham nija-vicaranamWhence, therefore, does this ‘I-thought’ have its birth?With vigilant and ever active mindSeek this, and crestfallen the ‘I’ becomes.The search, itself, the quest of Wisdom is.ahami nasabhajy-aham-ahamtayasphurati hrt svayam parama-purna-satThis search pursued till ‘I’ has disappearedThere now vibrates the ‘I-I’ all alone,The quest is finished, there’s no more to seek.For this is really the Infinite Self.idam aham pada’bhikhyam anvahamahami linake' py alaya-sattayaThis is eternally the true importOf the term ‘I’. For in the deepest sleepWe do not cease to be. We still existEven though here there is no sense of ‘I’.vigrahendriya-pranadhi-tamahnaham eka-sat tajjadam hyasatAs I am pure Existence, I am notThe body nor the senses, mind nor life,Nor even ignorance, for all these thingsAre quite insentient and so unreal.sattva-bhasika cit kvavetarasattaya hi cic-cittaya hy ahamAs there is not a second consciousnessTo know Existence, it must follow thatExistence is itself that consciousness;So I myself am that same consciousness.isa-jivayor vesa-dhi-bhidasat-svabhavato vastu kevalamIn their real nature as Existence bothCreatures and the Creator are the same,The Unique Principle. In attributesAnd knowledge only is a difference found.vesa-hanatah svatma-darsanamisa-darsanam svatma-rupatahRealization of the Self alone,Eliminating all its attributes;Is God-Realization of a truth,As it is He that shines forth as the Self.atma-samsthitih svatma-darsanamatma-nirdvayad atma-nisthataTo be the Self that is to know the Self,As there is no duality in Self.This is Thanmaya-Nistha, or the stateOf absolutely being That in truth.jnana-varjita ' jnana-hina-citjnanam asti kim jnatum antaramThat knowledge is true knowledge which transcendsKnowledge and ignorance both equally.And this alone is truth. For there is noSubject or object there that can be known.kim svarupam ity atma-darsaneavyaya' bhava’ ‘purna-cit sukhamIf one can only realize at HeartWhat one’s true nature is, one then will findThat ‘tis Infinite Wisdom, Truth and Bliss,Without beginning and without an end.bandha-mukty-atitam param sukhamvindatiha jivas tu daivikahRemaining in this state of Supreme Bliss,Devoid of bondage and of freedom too,Is found to be a state in which one isRapt in perpetual service of the Lord.aham apetakam nija-vibhanakammahad idam tapo ramana-vagiyamBy ardent quest and shedding ego’s veilRealize the Self, the One that’s ego-less,And function thus; the sole right penance this.So teaches Bhagavan Sri Ramana, Who is the SELF of everything that is.
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